1. | 靠近；在…旁边near sb/sth; at the side of sb/sth; beside sb/sth |
a house by the river 河边的一所房子 | |
The telephone is by the window. 电话在窗户旁边。 | |
Come and sit by me. 过来挨着我坐。 |
2. | （常置于表示被动的动词后，表示施事者）used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes sth |
He was knocked down by a bus. 他被公共汽车撞倒了。 | |
a play by Ibsen 易卜生写的剧本 | |
Who's that book by? 谁是那本书的作者？ | |
I was frightened by the noise. 我被那响声吓坏了。 |
3. | （表示方式）used for showing how or in what way sth is done |
The house is heated by gas. 这房子是煤气供暖的。 | |
May I pay by cheque? 我能用支票付款吗？ | |
I will contact you by letter. 我会给你写信联系的。 | |
to travel by boat/bus/car/plane 乘船╱公共汽车╱轿车╱飞机 | |
to travel by air/land/sea 坐飞机；经陆路╱海路 | |
Switch it on by pressing this button. 按下这个开关启动它。 |
4. | （置于不带 the 的名词前，表示原因）由于used before particular nouns withoutthe , to say that sth happens as a result of sth |
They met by chance. 他们不期而遇。 | |
I did it by mistake. 我误做了这事。 | |
The coroner's verdict was ‘death by misadventure’. 验尸官判定是“意外致死”。 |
5. | 不迟于；在…之前not later than the time mentioned; before |
Can you finish the work by five o'clock? 你五点钟前能完成工作吗？ | |
I'll have it done by tomorrow. 我明天之前让人把它弄好。 | |
By this time next week we'll be in New York. 下星期的这个时候我们将在纽约。 | |
He ought to have arrived by now/by this time . 他现在应该已经到了。 | |
By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country. 你收到这封信时，我已离开这个国家了。 |
6. | 经过past sb/sth |
He walked by me without speaking. 他一言不发地从我身边走过。 |
7. | 在…期间；处于某种状况during sth; in a particular situation |
to travel by day/night 白天╱夜间旅行 | |
We had to work by candlelight. 我们不得不借助烛光工作。 |
8. | （表示程度、数量）used to show the degree or amount of sth |
The bullet missed him by two inches. 子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。 | |
House prices went up by 10%. 房价上涨了 10%。 | |
It would be better by far(= much better) to… 那比…好得多。 |
9. | 从…看；依；按照from what sth shows or says; according to sth |
By my watch it is two o'clock. 我的表是两点钟。 | |
I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened. 从她的脸色我可以看出，发生了可怕的事情。 | |
By law, you are a child until you are 18. 按照法律规定，18 岁之前是未成年人。 |
10. | （表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分）used to show the part of sb/sth that sb touches, holds, etc. |
I took him by the hand. 我拉着他的手。 | |
She seized her by the hair. 她揪住她的头发。 | |
Pick it up by the handle! 抓着手柄把它提起来！ |
11. | （与 the 连用，表示时间或量度单位）used withthe to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring sth |
We rented the car by the day. 我们按日租用汽车。 | |
They're paid by the hour. 他们的报酬是按小时计算的。 | |
We only sell it by the metre. 我们只按米出售。 |
12. | （表示速率）used to state the rate at which sth happens |
They're improving day by day. 他们在一天天地改进。 | |
We'll do it bit by bit. 我们会一点一点地做。 | |
It was getting worse by the minute(= very fast) . 情况急速恶化。 | |
The children came in two by two(= in groups of two) . 孩子们一对一对地走了进来。 |
13. | （表示尺寸时用）used to show the measurements of sth |
The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet. 房间 15 英尺宽 20 英尺长。 |
14. | （用于乘除运算）used when multiplying or dividing |
6 multiplied by 2 equals 12. 6 乘以 2 等于 12。 | |
6 divided by 2 equals 3. 6 除以 2 等于 3。 |
15. | （补充有关出生地、职业等的信息）used for giving more information about where sb comes from, what sb does, etc. |
He's German by birth. 他是德国血统的。 | |
They're both doctors by profession. 他们两人的职业都是医生。 |
16. | （起誓时用）以…的名义used when swearing to mean ‘in the name of’ |
I swear by Almighty God… 我以全能上帝之名发誓… |
1. | 经过past |
Just drive by. Don't stop. 直接开过去。别停车。 | |
He hurried by without speaking to me. 他没和我说话就匆匆过去了。 | |
Excuse me, I can't get by. 劳驾，请让开点路。 | |
Time goes by so quickly. 时光飞逝。 |
2. | （表示保留或保存时用）used to say that sth is saved so that it can be used in the future |
I've put some money by for college fees. 我已经存了些钱作大学学费。 |
3. | 短暂拜访in order to visit sb for a short time |
I'll come by this evening and pick up the books. 我今晚过来取书。 |
By and by she met an old man with a beard. 她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。 |
By and by she met an old man with a beard. 她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。 |
