Arabic manuscript on paper, 165 leaves, 9 lines to the page written in naskh in black ink, verses separated by gold rosettes with red and blue dots, within gold, red and black rules, headings in red ...

The Ottoman Empire arose from the ashes of Byzantine ... sparing then-Christian Europe from near-certain defeat. By the 19th century, though, the empire had entered into terminal decline and ...

The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in southeastern Europe and the Middle East. It can only ...

Husayn radi Allah ‘anhu, 'Husayn, may God be pleased with him'. The practice of decorating interior spaces with sets of calligraphic roundels is seen as early as the sixteenth century with ceramic ...