The alveolar epithelium is composed of two cell types: type II and type I cells (1). Type II cells are responsible for surfactant production and play a role in lung host defense. Type I cells ...

In a healthy lung, excess surfactant is cleared and digested by immune cells called alveolar macrophages. Alveolar macrophages need to be stimulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating ...

World COPD Day highlights the serious health risks of prolonged pollution exposure, emphasizing prevention and management strategies for chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Learn about ...

Hb) represents values corrected for hemoglobin. TLCO is mildly reduced although within normal limits when corrected for alveolar volume. Other lung volumes are normal. FER: Forced expiratory ratio ...