The most effective treatment for carotid artery stenosis is carotid endarterectomy (CEA ... under general anesthesia with intraoperative shunting; an autologous vein or synthetic patch was ...

or bradycardia are commonly seen in patients undergoing CEA owing to the proximity of the carotid sinus baroreceptor to the area of the endarterectomy procedure (ie, the carotid bulb). Lidocaine ...