The problem was famously addressed by René Descartes in the 17th century, resulting in Cartesian dualism, and by pre-Aristotelian philosophers, in Avicennian philosophy, and in earlier Asian ...

In Enlightenment philosophy, this notion was secularized as a bifurcated sense of physical and mental life often tagged “Cartesian dualism,” in reference to its iconic articulator, 17th century French ...

Having divided human beings into two parts—the “thinking thing” (res cogitans) and “extended thing” (res extensa)—René ...