strategically located within the northcentral Pennsylvania elk range. These zones are carefully managed to maintain the state ...

Elk use their antlers to display dominance and spar during the mating season, but they will also readily use them to defend themselves against potential threats, including careless photographers ...

2014). In addition, a study from southern Colorado demonstrated decreasing elk survival in an area supporting oil and gas production (Webb et al. 2011). Walter et al. (2006) evaluated home range size ...