It is now becoming increasingly clear that ferromagnetism, and thus spin polarization, can be controlled and manipulated through a coupling of a magnetic layer to a ferroelectric or a multiferroic.

Understanding Ferroic Materials: This colorful diagram breaks down the four main types of ferroic materials—ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, ferrotoroidic, and ferroelastic. It shows how each one ...

and this fact has been used by several investigators 1,2,3 to determine the effective permeability of ferromagnetic metals at high frequencies.

This study measured skyrmions in an ultra-thin material made of a ferromagnetic layer of strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3), overlaid with a ferroelectric layer of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and grown on ...