A shallow magma ocean could indicate either a mantle ... a deeper understanding of how rocky planets such as Earth and Mars ...

Dissolved carbon dioxide may have bubbled up from magma far below Earth's surface, contributing to prolonged warming.

Silica is also richer in magmas formed by fractional crystallization If the magma is mafic-which is likely-silica crystallizes early and forms olivine at the surface (Figure 7). In certain cases (e.g.

The findings back up a theory that magma formed the Moon's surface around 4.5 billion years ago. Remnants of the ocean were found by India’s historic Chandrayaan-3 mission that landed on the ...