High-power lasers cut, drill, solder ... crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), a type of laser diode. These contain a photonic crystal structure (the resonator) and an active layer, sandwiched ...

Researchers used a ruby crystal and specific laser wavelengths to demonstrate that a laser beam could obstruct light and ...

By tweaking the crystal layers of blue-light-producing ... output of many such devices to attain the power required for laser cutting and drilling of more than 1 mm-thick copper – roughly ...