Much can be learned about the evolution of the Earth by considering the fluid dynamics of mantle convection and the associated thermal problems. However, chemical effects play a crucial role.

Vidale, John E. Schubert, Gerald and Earle, Paul S. 2001. Unsuccessful initial search for a midmantle chemical boundary with seismic arrays. Geophysical Research ...

It is unlikely that the Earth's mantle — the layer beneath the crust and above the core — was completely homogeneous when it initially formed. Over time, cooling-induced convection as well as ...

but could never really be reconciled with the concept of mantle convection." "This model explains the observations in a simple way and permits a myriad of new hypotheses for global geochemical ...

but could never really be reconciled with the concept of mantle convection.” “This model explains the observations in a simple way and permits a myriad of new hypotheses for global geochemical ...

Geodynamics refers to the processes by which mantle convection shapes and reshapes the Earth and other rocky planets. Its study includes plate tectonics, volcanism, the chemistry of lava and ...

evidence suggests it is the plates that drive the convection. Slab pull occurs where older, denser tectonic plates sink into the mantle at subduction zones. As these older sections of plates sink ...

Waves in the underlying layer known as the mantle can scour off the keels of continents, buoying their surfaces upward to form prominent landforms far from any active plate boundaries, researchers ...

If your kitchen has a convection oven that you have no idea how to use, you are not alone. All too often, the convection ...

Tectonic plates float on the semi-solid mantle, which moves very slowly as a result of convection currents driven by heat energy from the hot core. The outer core is liquid iron and nickel and ...

Small changes can have an outsized impact on how your cookies turn out and determining whether a conventional or convection ...