Medically reviewed by Jeffrey S. Lander, MD The first heart sound, or S1, is the "lub" of a normal heartbeat. It's a ...

She also had rheumatic heart disease, mainly aortic regurgitation. An additional diagnosis of mitral stenosis was considered because of an accentuated first apical sound and a presystolic murmur.

Medically reviewed by Rafle Fernandez, MD A third heart sound, or S3, is a low-frequency, extra heart sound that may be heard ...

In patients with heart failure and secondary mitral regurgitation, both mitral-valve surgery and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair are recommended therapies. New research findings comparing ...