which can happen immediately by way of enzyme action in the stomach and sometimes involves end products with their own pharmacologic action. Finally, excretion describes how drugs leave the body ...

The disciplines of pharmacology and toxicology span basic mechanisms of drug discovery, action, metabolism, and distribution, along with studies of the therapeutic or adverse effects that ...

Advances in cardiovascular pharmacology have significantly enhanced patient outcomes through a new wave of medications ranging from anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents to lipid-lowering drugs and ...