It was an unholy alliance. In the 1920s and ’30s, Pope Pius XI and Benito Mussolini relied on and used each other in their quest to preserve and protect their respective institutions, the Catholic ...

In Lent 1937 Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical "Mit brennender ... Secondly, he knew how powerless he was against Hitler. Mussolini could quickly shut off electrical power to Vatican Radio ...

The panel includes David Kertzer, Brown University. Kertzer is the author of The Pope at War: The Secret History of Pius XII, Mussolini and Hitler; Mary Dunn, Ph.D., director of SLU's Center on Global ...