Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most commonly used decompressive procedure in the cervical spine and is used for the treatment of single or multiple level disc disease.
Back pain may disrupt daily living by making it difficult to enjoy hobbies or simply carry out simple chores Rest or treatment may help with some back discomfort but if the pain persists or becomes wo ...
Treatment can be important in preventing a transition from acute to chronic pain. One review of 5,233 people with lower back pain found a third progressed from acute to chronic pain at six months.
Smoking has long been associated with various health risks, such as lung disease, but its detrimental effects on the spine are lesser known. Degenerative spine diseases (DSDs), particularly those ...
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