Two ATP molecules are synthesized in the cytoplasm via the conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate. Both the apparatus (enzymes) and the physical environment necessary for the oxidation of ...

text{glucose} \rightarrow \text{lactic acid + energy in the form of ATP}\) Glucose close glucoseA simple sugar used by cells for respiration. is not completely broken down, so less energy is ...

If oxygen is not available then only two ATP are produced ... describes aerobic respiration as the release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen.

stimulates insulin secretion via closure of ATP-dependent potassium channels on the cell membrane of β-cells. Repaglinide is ideally used at mealtime to reduce postprandial glucose levels ...