Fiber optic receivers convert light signals into electrical signals for use by equipment such as computer networks. These electro-optical devices consist of an optical detector, a low-noise amplifier, ...

Four-wave mixing A weak optical signal (red) from a spacecraft transmitter can be amplified noise-free when it encounters two pump waves (blue and green) in a receiver on Earth. (Courtesy: Chalmers ...

A signal undergoes an E/O transformation at a fiber optic transmitter and a corresponding O/E transformation at the receiver. This chapter discusses the O/E process, with emphasis on the first two ...

But even information carried by light loses its power during the journey, and optical systems for space communication therefore require extremely sensitive receivers capable of sensing signals ...

Scientists at the University of Strathclyde in the United Kingdom have fabricated an organic solar (OPV) device for applications in high-speed optical ... used as separate receivers or their ...