An ageing global population increases the prevalence of CKD, leading to market expansion and a growing need for treatment ...

The aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) has gained popularity as a screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism, a probably underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. However, studies have yielded varying ...

Aldosterone is a hormone produced in the adrenal gland. This steroid molecule, derived from cholesterol, promotes retention of sodium and water and lowers the levels of potassium in the blood ...

High blood pressure is a serious health concern that can lead to conditions like heart disease and stroke. It’s often ...

The symptoms of hyperkalemia begin with muscle weakness. As serum potassium levels rise, symptoms progress to more significant muscle twitching, weakness, nausea, and cramping. [69] Cardiac ...