Patients were excluded if they had severe symptomatic hyponatremia in need of hypertonic saline or if they had end-stage kidney disease or active liver failure or were receiving end-of-life care.

When this solution is low in sodium, and the body absorbs too much of the fluid, the sodium level in the entire body can fall rapidly. Low sodium concentration in the body leads to hyponatremia, a ...

Use of i.v. sodium chloride solutions for the treatment of hyponatremia requires complex ... as shown for both isotonic (0.9%) and hypertonic (3%) sodium chloride infusions in Appendix C.