Three-dimensional disturbances exist on all scales from the molecular to those of the boundary conditions. In studies of mantle convection and other fluid problems in the Earth Sciences, the role of ...

However, with the understanding that surface diversity arises during magma transit rather than at its origin, models of ...

Due to computational constraints, the deformation of a subducting plate cannot be accurately resolved in mantle‐scale convection models, so its effect on convection is difficult to investigate. We ...

The chemical uniformity of Earth's mantle is greater than previously believed. Lavas from hotspots—whether erupting in Hawaii ...

Lavas from hotspots—whether erupting in Hawaii, Samoa or Iceland—likely originate from a worldwide, uniform reservoir in ...

Studies of gravity variations at Mars have revealed dense, large-scale structures hidden beneath the sediment layers of a ...

These plumes are very important features of the mantle. Modeling suggests that they may remain remarkably in tact as they traverse the mantle from core to the surface. The animations below are ...

Flexural isostasy states that this massive region should force the planet's surface downward. But the reverse is true.

We know Mars once had an active geological past, filled with water, volcanic activity, and dynamic geological changes. Now, ...

Lavas from hotspots—whether erupting in Hawaii, Samoa or Iceland—likely originate from a worldwide, uniform reservoir in Earth's mantle, according to ...