No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. Heart failure normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is growing at an alarming rate and has a complex pathophysiology.

Several epidemiological studies confirm that the prevalence of heart failure with normal ejection fraction is increasing. Given the current trends, heart failure with normal ejection fraction will ...

But when older adults develop heart failure they more often have a normal EF of 50% or greater, called heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). With HFpEF, the left ventricle muscle ...