A new method for determining causality gives scientists a more holistic view of the causal role that contributing factors play within just about any system. Cause and effect. We understand this ...
But a human has about 20,000 genes that can affect each other in complex ways, so even knowing which groups of genes to target is an enormously complicated problem. Also, genes work together in ...
While cortisol plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response, elevated levels can have detrimental effects on health. It can cause weak immune function, weight gain, and mood disorders.
This study also investigates the causal effects of smoking addiction on education. Smoking addiction negatively affects youth time preferences and preferences toward schooling.
A regression discontinuity analysis finds essentially no effect of 1 additional year of secondary education on brain structure in adulthood. This is a valuable finding that adds to the literature on ...