Plaquenil Toxicity: How to Avoid this Bullseye - Review of …
Dec 15, 2021 · Plaquenil Toxicity: How to Avoid this Bullseye. Learn the clinical indicators, risk factors and screening guidelines to properly monitor for this irreversible, rare condition in patients on this drug. By Luanne Chubb, OD.
Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity - EyeWiki
The early signs of hydroxychloroquine toxicity are macular edema and/or bilateral granular depigmentation of the RPE in the macula. With continued exposure to the drug, this can progress to an atrophic bullseye maculopathy with concentric rings of hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation surrounding the fovea. As mentioned above, these findings ...
Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Retinal Toxicity - American …
Jun 1, 2011 · On examination, a telltale sign of hydroxychloroquine toxicity is a bilateral change in the retinal pigment epithelium of the macula that gives the commonly described appearance of a bull’s-eye. This is a late finding, however, and too late for screening to be useful.
Recommendations on Screening for Chloroquine and …
The clinical picture of HCQ and CQ toxicity had been characterized classically as a bilateral bull’s-eye maculopathy, an appearance caused by a ring of parafoveal RPE depigmentation that spares a foveal island.
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Toxicity and Recommendations …
Aug 30, 2011 · Later in the disease, patients can develop a bilateral bull's eye maculopathy, characterized by a ring of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) depigmentation in the macula, sparing the fovea, which is often accompanied by paracentral and central scotomas . End stage hydroxychloroquine toxicity leads to widespread RPE and retinal atrophy with a loss ...
Imaging in Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity - Retina Today
Clinically, this manifests as a bulls-eye maculopathy, although these fundus changes are evident only in the later stages of disease (Figure 1). The mechanism of toxicity is unknown but is thought to be due to accumulation of the medication in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to subsequent RPE degeneration. 1 Because of this ...
Target in Sight: A Comprehensive Review of ... - Springer
Feb 23, 2024 · Early signs of bull’s eye maculopathy can be seen on fundus exam as macular edema and/or bilateral granular depigmentation of the RPE in the macula. Over time, this can progress to concentric rings of hypo- and hyperpigmentation surrounding the fovea, creating the classic “bull’s eye.”
Target in Sight: A Comprehensive Review of Hydroxychloroquine …
Automated visual fields and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) are the primary tests used in routine screening for HCQ retinopathy, but fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) have also been shown to be useful. A baseline ophthalmologic examination i ….
Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy | Eye - Nature
Mar 10, 2017 · The bull’s eye maculopathy phenotype has been described in association with ABCA4 pathogenic variants. Shroyer et al 53 carried out mutational analysis of the ABCA4 gene in 8 patients taking...
Overall, the sequelae of toxicity results in the characteristic fundus appearance of bilateral bull’s eye maculopathy, which appears as a parafoveal depigmented ring lesion (Fig. 2). Fig. 1. Mechanism of HCQ-induced retinopathy. HCQ (or CQ) binds to melanin and accumu-lates within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).