Mitochondrial DNA - Wikipedia
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Mitochondrial DNA - National Human Genome Research Institute
2024年11月20日 · Mitochondrial DNA is the circular chromosome found inside the cellular organelles called mitochondria. Located in the cytoplasm, mitochondria are the site of the cell’s energy production and other metabolic functions.
Mitochondrial DNA replication in mammalian cells: overview …
Mitochondrial DNA replication is initiated at O H and proceeds unidirectionally to produce the full-length nascent H-strand. mtSSB binds and protects the exposed, parental H-strand.
Organization of DNA in Mammalian Mitochondria - PMC
As with all organisms that must organize and condense their DNA to fit within the limited volume of a cell or a nucleus, mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is packaged into nucleoprotein structures called nucleoids. In this study, we first ...
Mitochondria - The Cell - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for ...
Most mitochondrial proteins are translated on free cytosolic ribosomes and imported into the organelle by specific targeting signals. In addition, mitochondria are unique among the cytoplasmic organelles already discussed in that they contain their own DNA, which encodes tRNAs, rRNAs, and some mitochondrial proteins.
Why do our cell's power plants have their own DNA?
2016年2月18日 · Why do mitochondria—the oval-shaped structures that power our cells—have their own DNA, and why have they kept it when the cell itself has plenty of its own genetic material? A new study may have found an answer.
Structure, mechanism, and regulation of mitochondrial DNA …
Intriguingly, mitochondria have retained their small genome throughout evolution. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was the first genome to be completely sequenced in 1981 . It is a 16.5-kb circular dsDNA lacking introns and residing within the mitochondrial matrix.
Mitochondrial DNA - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Mitochondrial DNA refers to the double-stranded circular DNA molecules, approximately 16.5 kb in size, that are found in mammalian mitochondria. It contains 37 genes, including 13 polypeptides, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs, which are essential for mitochondrial function.
Organization and expression of the mammalian mitochondrial …
2022年4月22日 · They each contain their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a relic of their ancestral prokaryotic origin that evolution has reduced in size by many orders of magnitude in animals.
Mechanisms and regulation of human mitochondrial transcription
2023年10月2日 · In this Review, we describe how different layers of regulation cooperate to fine tune initiation of both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and replication in human cells.