Enhanced permeability and retention effect - Wikipedia
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a controversial concept [1] [2] by which molecules of certain sizes (typically liposomes, nanoparticles, and macromolecular drugs) tend to accumulate in tumor tissue much more than they do in normal tissues.
The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect: The …
2021年8月6日 · This review highlights the significance of the concept and mechanism of the EPR effect and discusses methods for better utilizing the EPR effect in developing smarter macromolecular nanomedicine to achieve a satisfactory outcome in clinical applications.
The EPR effect and beyond: Strategies to improve tumor …
In the context of solid tumors, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has become an important driver of cancer nanomedicine design and it has served as a key cornerstone of tumor-targeted drug delivery 1-3.
The tumor EPR effect for cancer drug delivery: Current status ...
2022年12月1日 · Over the past three decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been considered the basis of tumor-targeted drug delivery. Various cancer nanomedicines, including macromolecular drugs, have been designed to utilize this mechanism for preferential extravasation and accumulation in solid tumors.
Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect - an overview ...
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a unique phenomenon of solid tumors that is related to their particular anatomical and pathophysiological characteristics, e.g. defective vascular architecture; large gaps between endothelial cells in blood vessels; abundant vascular mediators such as bradykinin, nitric oxide, carbon ...
Strategies to improve the EPR effect: A mechanistic perspective …
2022年5月1日 · In this review, we discuss the landscape of well-established and emerging EPR enhancing strategies with an emphasis on the principles and hurdles to implement the EPR effect, representative physical and pharmacological approaches to modulate EPR, and clinical advances of such strategies.
Recent Advances in Tumor Targeting via EPR Effect for Cancer …
The leaky and defective vasculature created due to the rapid vascularization vital to the support of malignant tumors, coupled with imperfect lymphatic drainage, allows the EPR effect. The tumor vasculature is leaky and also irregular in diameter, shape, and density with discontinuous vessels.
The EPR effect: Unique features of tumor blood vessels for drug ...
2011年3月18日 · This review discusses molecular mechanisms of factors related to the EPR effect, the unique anatomy of tumor vessels, limitations and techniques to avoid such limitations, augmenting tumor drug delivery, and experimental and clinical findings.
The EPR effect and beyond: Strategies to improve tumor ... - PubMed
2020年6月25日 · In this virtual special issue, 24 research articles and reviews discussing different aspects of the EPR effect and cancer nanomedicine are collected, together providing a comprehensive and complete overview of the current state-of-the-art and future directions in tumor-targeted drug delivery.
Alliance with EPR Effect: Combined Strategies to Improve the EPR Effect …
2019年10月17日 · To increase the EPR effect, NPs can be designed to bind directly to hypoxia-specific molecular markers, to reduce hypoxia-specific gene expression through small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment, or to release cytotoxic drugs specifically under hypoxic conditions.