Bryozoa - Wikipedia
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) [6] are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about 0.5 millimetres (64 in) long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding.
Avicularia-like structures in a Paleozoic fenestrate bryozoan
2015年7月14日 · Structures that mimic the general shape of cheilostome avicularia occur within the Paleozoic fenestrate bryozoan genus Fenestrapora. These structures, here termed aviculomorphs, are isolated within laminar extrazooidal skeleton and are characterized by an elongate triangular outline that surrounds a shallow, concave pit. The acute tip of the ...
Developmental Process of a Heterozooid: Avicularium Formation …
2021年2月25日 · Although lacking functional intestines and a lophophore, avicularia possess a vestigial polypide, which corresponds to tentacles, tentacle sheath, intestine, musculature and nervous system in autozooids (normal individuals: that are capable of feeding using the lophophore), providing evidence that avicularia have been derived from autozooids ...
(PDF) Polyzoa - ResearchGate
Polyzoa are among the principal constituents of fouling on ships' hulls. At least 54 species have been recorded on ships and 139 on ships, buoys, and
Polymorphism and vestigiality: comparative anatomy and …
2010年7月25日 · We examine palatal morphology of the avicularia from five species of cheilostome bryozoans and compare the ultrastructural anatomy of the avicularia from two bugulid species from different habitats. SEM analysis revealed an array of palatal morphologies.
Morphological differentiation of Avicularia and the proliferation …
Discovery of avicularium-like polymorphs in Wilbertopora mutabilis Cheetham, 1954 has provided not only a new opportunity for revising the genus Wilbertopora Cheetham, 1954, but also a more detailed basis for documenting the series of morphological changes by which avicularia differentiated from ordinary feeding zooids in what appears to be the ...
Polyzoa - Encyclopedia
The most singular of the external appendages found in the Polyzoa are the avicularia and vibracula of the Cheilostomata. The avicularium is so called from its resemblance, in its most highly differentiated condition, to the head of a bird.
GEOL 331/BSCI 333 Principles of Paleontology - UMD
New phylogenomic data support the monophyly of Lophophorata and an Ectoproct-Phoronid clade and indicate that Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa are caused by systematic bias. BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology 13(253).
Differential Gene Expression Between Polymorphic Zooids of the …
In a comparison between autozooid and avicularium tissues, 1,097 significant differentially expressed genes were uncovered. This work provides a much-needed foundation for understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of polymorphic zooids and the establishment of division of labor in bryozoans.
Descriptions of New Species of Polyzoa | Journal of Cell Science
Avicularia numerous, interspersed among the cells, with a rounded or semicircular mandible. Hab. Shetland, Barlee. When in a state of tolerable preservation, no confusion can be made between this species and any other.